Formatting output in C++, is important in the development of the output screen, which can be easily read and understood. C++ offers the programmer several input/output manipulators. Two of these (widely used) I/O manipulators are:
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- setw()
- setprecision()
No he doesn't. And he doesn't want iostream.h either. What version of Dev-C are you using? I don't remember if the current stable version includes a standards compliant compiler. C cout The cout object in C is an object of class ostream. It is used to display the output to the standard output device i.e. It is associated with the standard C output stream stdout.
In order to use these manipulators, you must include the header file named iomanip.h. Here is an example, showing how to include this header file in your C++ program.
The setw() Manipulator
In C++, the setw() manipulators sets the width of the field assigned for the output. It takes the size of the field (in number of characters) as parameter. Here is an example, this code fragment:
Amd auto tune time. generates the following output on the screen (each underscore represents a blank space).
The setw() manipulator does not stick from one cout statement to the next. For example, if you want to right-justify three numbers within an 8-space field, you will need to repeat setw() for each value, as it shown below:
The output will be (each underscore represents a blank space):
C++ Formatting Output Example
Here are some example program demonstrating, how to format the output screen in C++
Here is the sample run of the above C++ program:
Here another type of C++ program, also demonstrating, output formatting in C++
Dev C++ Example Programs
Here is the sample run of this C++ program:
The setprecision() manipulator
In C++, the setprecision() manipulator sets the total number of digits to be displayed when floating-point numbers are printed. Here is an example, this code fragment:
will print the following output to the screen (notice the rounding) :
Portrait of a legend sam cooke download youtube. The setprecision() manipulator can also be used to set the number of decimal places to be displayed. In order for setprecision() to accomplish this task, you will have to set an ios flag. The flag is set with the following statement :
Once the flag has been set, the number you pass to setprecision() is the number of decimal places you want displayed. The following code:
generates the following output on the screen (notice no rounding):
Additional IOS flags
In the statement:
'fixed' i.e., ios::fixed is referred to as a format option. Other possible format options can be one of the following :
Format Value | Meaning |
---|---|
left | left-justify the output |
right | right-justify the output |
showpoint | displays decimal point and trailing zeros for all floating point numbers, even if the decimal places are not needed |
uppercase | display the 'e' in E-notation as 'E' rather than 'e' |
showpos | display a leading plus sign before positive values |
scientific | display floating point numbers in scientific ('E') notation |
fixed | display floating point numbers in normal notation - no trailing zeroes and no scientific notation |
You can remove these options by replacing setf(used with cout, recall cout.setf) with unsetf. For example, to get 5.8 to display as 5.80, the following lines of code are needed :
Please note that all the subsequent couts retain the precision set with the last setprecision(). That means setprecision() is 'sticky'. Whatever precision you set, sticks with the cout device until such time as you change it with an additional setprecision() later in the program.